Anxious Attachment in Romantic Relationships

It’s been twenty minutes; why hasn’t your partner responded to your text?  You take it upon yourself to frantically catalogue every scenario which could conceivably explain why they have chosen to abandon you. Are they bored of you? They do seem to get along so effortlessly with their work friend; it’s never like that with you. Maybe being with you just demands too much time and attention.

Whatever the details may be, one thing is certain: your relationship is over. You are alone. Of course it would come to this. You begin to plot the perfect revenge, but before long your phone lights up and your partner apologizes for the delay, explaining that their meeting ran long.

If this experience, or one like it, is quite familiar to you, you may have an anxious attachment style.

What’s an attachment style?

According to psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby, attachment styles begin to develop the second we’re born. How a caregiver responds to an infant plays a role in forming the way the infant will perceive close relationships. As children, we’re dependent on our caregivers to comfort us and to meet our physical and emotional needs. Parents who are sensitive and responsive to those needs teach their children that they can rely on others. When a child grows up with a caregiver who is attuned to their needs (even when these needs are not expressed), they’re likely to be “securely attached.”  

Bowlby believes a secure child can carry this confidence into their adulthood and future romantic relationships. This attachment style can also be shaped as an adult by experiences in social and romantic relationships. Securely attached folks are comfortable both relying on and being relied upon by their partner. They’re comfortable being on their own; they don’t depend on their partner’s response or approval in order to have a positive self-image. They also tend to view sex and emotional intimacy as the same, and don’t feel the need to create distance by separating the two.

Conversely, misattunement from a caregiver can lead to an insecure attachment. The two main insecure attachment styles are avoidant and anxious.     

What’s an avoidant attachment?

Those with an avoidant attachment style tend to view themselves as independent “lone wolves.”  They don’t like depending on others or having others depend on them.

As an adult, avoidant attachment can show up as:

• Pulling away from a relationship when things are going well

• Forming relationships with an impossible future, such as with someone who is in a monogamous marriage

• Avoiding physical closeness

• Pining after an ex-partner

What is anxious attachment?

People with an anxious attachment style often feel insecure and their relationships consume a large part of their emotional energy. As children, they may have clung to caregivers or became inconsolable when a caregiver left.

As an adult, anxious attachment can show up as:

• Difficulty trusting partners

• Low self-worth

• Frequent worry that a partner will abandon you

• Sensitivity to small changes in a partner’s mood and behavior 

Can you change your attachment style?

Fortunately, there are things you can do to develop more secure attachments and healthier relationship dynamics.  It may require substantial effort and self-examination, but you’ve got this! 

Here are some steps you can take:

• Find a therapist with expertise in attachment theory

• Seek a partner with a secure attachment who can provide you with patience and support, and in time can help you overcome your insecure impulses

• Use mindfulness and other coping skills to help regulate your emotions and respond differently

If you’d like to talk about the anxiety you feel in relationships, reach and let’s start the conversation.